As marijuana use becomes more widely accepted and legalized in many places, new mothers who use marijuana or are considering it may wonder how it affects breastfeeding. Given the complexities surrounding both marijuana’s effects on the body and the unique needs of breastfeeding, it's important to have clear, evidence-based information to make the best decision for you and your baby.
In this blog post, we’ll explore the potential risks and considerations of using marijuana while breastfeeding and what research suggests about the safety of doing so. Let’s break it down.
Marijuana is made from the Cannabis plant, and its active components—primarily THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol)—can affect both the body and brain. THC is the psychoactive compound responsible for the "high" sensation, while CBD is non-psychoactive and often used for its potential therapeutic effects.
When you consume marijuana, THC enters the bloodstream and is distributed throughout the body, including the brain, lungs, liver, and, notably, the breast milk. Both THC and CBD can pass into breast milk and be ingested by a breastfeeding infant, though the exact amount and impact on the baby is still an area of ongoing research.
Yes, both THC and CBD can pass into breast milk after consumption. Research has shown that THC is detectable in breast milk for hours, and potentially even days, after use. The amount of THC that passes into breast milk can vary depending on the method of use (smoking, vaping, edibles, oils), the frequency of consumption, and the individual’s metabolism.
While research on marijuana use during breastfeeding is still limited, the existing studies and expert opinions raise several important concerns.
1. Effects on Infant Brain Development
THC is known to affect the brain’s cannabinoid receptors, which play a role in memory, learning, and motor skills. Because a baby’s brain is still developing rapidly in the early months and years, exposure to THC through breast milk could potentially interfere with the development of the nervous system, including cognitive and motor skills. Some studies have suggested that marijuana use in infants can lead to developmental delays or impacts on attention and behavior later in life.
2. Sedation and Drowsiness
Marijuana, particularly THC, can have a sedative effect. If a baby is exposed to THC via breast milk, they may experience excessive drowsiness or sedation. While this might seem benign, it could affect the baby’s ability to nurse effectively or stay alert during feedings, leading to poor weight gain or feeding issues.
3. Impact on Milk Production
There is some evidence to suggest that THC could reduce milk production, though this effect is not yet well-documented. THC may impact the hormone prolactin, which is responsible for milk production. This could potentially lead to a reduced milk supply, although this effect may vary from person to person.
4. Long-Term Health Concerns
Though there is still limited research on the long-term effects of marijuana exposure through breast milk, some studies have raised concerns about the potential for increased risk of developmental issues, including cognitive delays, behavioral problems, and learning disabilities. More research is needed to fully understand these risks.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and other health organizations generally advise against using marijuana while breastfeeding due to concerns about its potential effects on a baby’s brain development and overall health. The AAP states that "THC is known to be present in breast milk," and while the exact impact on infants is not fully understood, it is better to err on the side of caution.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also cautions against using marijuana during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It states that marijuana can negatively affect the baby’s developing brain and suggests that mothers who use marijuana should consider pumping and dumping their milk if they have recently consumed it.
CBD, the non-psychoactive compound in marijuana, is often marketed as being safer than THC and is commonly used for its potential therapeutic benefits, such as pain relief, anxiety reduction, and sleep support. However, even though CBD does not produce a "high," it can still pass into breast milk.
The long-term effects of CBD on infants are not well-studied, but some concerns exist about its impact on a baby’s liver and developing brain. While it may not have the same immediate psychoactive effects as THC, CBD can still interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system and potentially affect a baby’s development.
If you choose to use marijuana while breastfeeding despite the risks, there are steps you can take to reduce potential harm to your baby:
1. Wait Before Breastfeeding
THC levels in breast milk are highest in the first few hours after consumption. To minimize the amount of THC your baby is exposed to, it’s recommended to wait as long as possible (ideally at least 3-4 hours) after using marijuana before breastfeeding. This allows some of the THC to leave your system.
2. Consider Pumping and Dumping
If you have used marijuana and are concerned about the amount of THC in your milk, you can "pump and dump" (i.e., express and discard your milk) to relieve engorgement and allow the THC levels in your milk to decrease. However, this will not eliminate the THC from your system, and the milk still contains some level of THC. So, it's best to avoid feeding your baby that milk if you’re unsure about its safety.
3. Avoid Daily or Frequent Use
Frequent marijuana use leads to higher levels of THC in your system and, by extension, in your breast milk. The less frequently you use marijuana, the lower the concentration of THC in your milk will be.
4. Opt for Non-Combustible Forms of Marijuana
Smoking marijuana can introduce harmful toxins into your body and potentially affect your milk. If you use marijuana, consider methods that are less harmful, such as vaping (though it still carries risks), edibles, or tinctures, which may reduce the number of harmful chemicals you’re ingesting.
While more research is needed to fully understand the risks of marijuana use during breastfeeding, current evidence suggests that using marijuana, particularly products with THC, may not be safe for your baby. The potential effects on brain development, milk production, and infant behavior are concerning, and many health organizations, including the CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics, recommend avoiding marijuana while breastfeeding.
Ultimately, the decision is personal, but it’s crucial to weigh the potential risks and consult with your healthcare provider to make an informed choice. If you’re using marijuana for medicinal purposes, talk to your doctor about alternative treatments that may be safer while breastfeeding.
As with any health-related decision, it’s best to prioritize your baby’s safety and well-being while considering your own health and needs.
If you have more questions, feel free to reach out today!
